虞美人
李煜
春花秋月何時了，
往事知多少？
小樓昨夜又東風，
故國不堪回首月明中。
雕欄玉砌應猶在，
只是朱顏改。
問君能有幾多愁，
恰似一江春水向東流。
【作者簡介】
李煜 (西元937-978) 字重光，號鐘隱，世稱李後主。能詩善文，愛好音樂，精於書法、繪畫，特別善於填詞。其詞善用白描手法，生動形象，感情真實，對詞的發展影響很大。
【字句淺釋】
題解：作者本為南唐國皇帝，降宋三年後，於他的生日(七月七日)晚，寫下了這首詞並讓他的歌伎演唱。外面的人聽到了歌聲就去報告。宋太宗大怒，命人將他毒死。了：完結，結束。往事：指自己作南唐國王時的事情。故國：過去自己的國家。不堪：受不了，不能。雕欄：雕花的欄杆。砌：台階。朱顏：紅潤的臉色。幾多：多少。
【全詞串講】
春天的花兒、秋天的月亮，何時才是盡頭？
不知道多少往事啊，被它們勾上心頭！
昨天夜裏，東風又一次吹上我居住的小樓。
明朗的月色中想起故國，心中的痛苦難以忍受。
雕花的欄杆、漢白玉台階，想來應該保留。
當時那裏的人兒啊，美好容顏難依舊。
如果有人問起我，你心中到底有多少哀愁？
那就和春天的江水一樣，一刻不停地滾滾東流！
【言外之意】
由國君變為階下囚，昔日的歡樂、尊嚴、自由，乃至生命的安全感突然喪盡。其內心無法比擬的痛苦便從他一首首傳世的詞中流入一千多年來不同讀者的心田。有人說後主的詞是血寫成的。但這首詞卻真是以命寫成的！無怪其成為千古傳誦的不朽名篇。
後人每每嘆息後主亡國。殊不知人間一切，冥冥中自有安排。上天要惠贈一個偉大詞人給炎黃子孫，我們又何必非要希望他成為一個強悍的君王呢？歷史從來不缺乏能征慣戰的開國英雄，用不著我們去求。但後主這種篤信佛教、寧願投降也不願生靈塗炭的“弱者”，才正是《虞美人》這種不朽名篇的屬主。再進一步，如果把後主一生當作上天有意安排來啟悟世人的故事，則讀者得益之深，又遠遠不局限於一首不朽名篇《虞美人》了！
2012年2月17日 星期五
2012年2月11日 星期六
凉州馆中与诸判官
凉州馆中与诸判官夜集
岑参
弯弯月出挂城头，城头月出照凉州。
凉州七里十万家，胡人半解弹琵琶。
琵琶一曲肠堪断，风萧萧兮夜漫漫。
河西幕中多故人，故人别来三五春。
花门楼前见秋草，岂能贫贱相看老。
一生大笑能几回，斗酒相逢须醉倒。
这首诗中所说的凉州，治所在今甘肃武威，唐河西节度府设于此地。馆，客舍。从“河西幕府多故人，故人别来三五春”等诗句看，岑参此时在凉州作客。凉州河西节度使幕府中，诗人有许多老朋友，常欢聚夜饮。
“弯弯月出挂城头，城头月出照凉州。”首先出现的是城头弯弯的明月。然后随着明月升高，银光铺泻，出现了月光照耀下的凉州城。首句“月出”，指月亮从地平线升起，次句“月出”，指月亮在城头上继续升高。
“凉州七里十万家，胡人半解弹琵琶。”这是随着月光的照耀，更清晰地呈现了凉州的全貌。“凉州”，有的本子作“梁州”（今陕西汉中市）。这是因为后人看到“七里十万家”，认为甘肃凉州没有这种规模而妄改的。其实，唐前期的凉州是与扬州、益州等城市并列的第一流大都市。“七里十万家”，正是大笔淋漓地勾画出这座西北重镇的气派和风光。而下一句，就更见出是甘肃凉州了。凉州在边塞，居民中少数民族很多。他们能歌善舞，多半会弹奏琵琶。不用说，在月光下的凉州城，荡漾着一片琵琶声。这里写出了凉州城的歌舞繁华、和平安定，同时带着浓郁的边地情调。
“琵琶一曲肠堪断，风萧萧兮夜漫漫。”仍然是写琵琶声，但已慢慢向夜宴过渡了。这“一曲琵琶”已不是“胡人半解弹琵琶”的满城琵琶声，乃是指宴会上的演奏。“肠堪断”形容琵琶动人。“风萧萧兮夜漫漫”，是空旷而又多风的西北地区夜晚所给人的感受。这种感受由于“琵琶一曲”的演奏更加增强了。
以上六句主要写环境背景。诗人吸取了民歌的艺术因素，运用顶针句法，句句用韵，两句一转，构成轻快的、咏唱的情调，写出凉州的宏大、繁荣和地方色彩。最后一句“风萧萧兮夜漫漫”，用了一个“兮”字和迭字“萧萧”、“漫漫”，使节奏舒缓了下来。后面六句即正面展开对宴会的描写，不再句句用韵，也不再连续使用顶针句法。
“河西幕中多故人，故人别来三五春。”两句重复“故人”二字，见出情谊深厚。因为“多故人”，与各人离别的时间自然不尽相同，所以说“三五春”，下语是经过斟酌的。
“花门楼前见秋草，岂能贫贱相看老。”“花门楼”在这里即指凉州馆舍的楼房。二句接“故人别来三五春”，说时光迅速，又到了秋天草黄的季节了。岁月催人，哪能互相看着在贫贱中老下去呢？言下之意是要赶快建立功业。
“一生大笑能几回，斗酒相逢须醉倒。”一个“笑”字，写出岑参和他朋友的本色。宴会中不时地爆发出大笑声，这样的欢会，这样的大笑，一生中也难得有几回，老朋友们端着酒杯相遇在一起，能不为之醉倒！
这首诗把边塞生活情调和强烈的时代气息结合了起来。全诗由月照凉州开始，在着重表现边城风光的同时，那种月亮照耀着七里十万家和城中荡漾的一片琵琶声，也鲜明地透露了当时凉州的阔大的格局、和平安定的气氛。如果拿它和宋代范仲淹的《渔家傲》相比，即可见同样是写边城，写秋天的季节，写少数民族的音乐，但那种“长烟落日孤城闭”、“羌管悠悠霜满地”的描写，所表现的时代气氛就完全不同了。
至于诗所写的夜宴，更是兴会淋漓，豪气纵横，不是盛唐的人不能如此。“花门楼前见秋草，岂能贫贱相看老。”不是有感于时光流逝，叹老嗟卑，而是有着能够掌握自己命运的豪迈感，表现出奋发的人生态度。“一生大笑能几回”的笑，更是爽朗健康的笑。它来源于对前途、对生活的信心。同样，末句“须醉倒”，也不是借酒浇愁，而是以酒助兴，是豪迈乐观的醉。读者从人物的神态中，能感受到盛唐的时代脉搏。
岑参
弯弯月出挂城头，城头月出照凉州。
凉州七里十万家，胡人半解弹琵琶。
琵琶一曲肠堪断，风萧萧兮夜漫漫。
河西幕中多故人，故人别来三五春。
花门楼前见秋草，岂能贫贱相看老。
一生大笑能几回，斗酒相逢须醉倒。
这首诗中所说的凉州，治所在今甘肃武威，唐河西节度府设于此地。馆，客舍。从“河西幕府多故人，故人别来三五春”等诗句看，岑参此时在凉州作客。凉州河西节度使幕府中，诗人有许多老朋友，常欢聚夜饮。
“弯弯月出挂城头，城头月出照凉州。”首先出现的是城头弯弯的明月。然后随着明月升高，银光铺泻，出现了月光照耀下的凉州城。首句“月出”，指月亮从地平线升起，次句“月出”，指月亮在城头上继续升高。
“凉州七里十万家，胡人半解弹琵琶。”这是随着月光的照耀，更清晰地呈现了凉州的全貌。“凉州”，有的本子作“梁州”（今陕西汉中市）。这是因为后人看到“七里十万家”，认为甘肃凉州没有这种规模而妄改的。其实，唐前期的凉州是与扬州、益州等城市并列的第一流大都市。“七里十万家”，正是大笔淋漓地勾画出这座西北重镇的气派和风光。而下一句，就更见出是甘肃凉州了。凉州在边塞，居民中少数民族很多。他们能歌善舞，多半会弹奏琵琶。不用说，在月光下的凉州城，荡漾着一片琵琶声。这里写出了凉州城的歌舞繁华、和平安定，同时带着浓郁的边地情调。
“琵琶一曲肠堪断，风萧萧兮夜漫漫。”仍然是写琵琶声，但已慢慢向夜宴过渡了。这“一曲琵琶”已不是“胡人半解弹琵琶”的满城琵琶声，乃是指宴会上的演奏。“肠堪断”形容琵琶动人。“风萧萧兮夜漫漫”，是空旷而又多风的西北地区夜晚所给人的感受。这种感受由于“琵琶一曲”的演奏更加增强了。
以上六句主要写环境背景。诗人吸取了民歌的艺术因素，运用顶针句法，句句用韵，两句一转，构成轻快的、咏唱的情调，写出凉州的宏大、繁荣和地方色彩。最后一句“风萧萧兮夜漫漫”，用了一个“兮”字和迭字“萧萧”、“漫漫”，使节奏舒缓了下来。后面六句即正面展开对宴会的描写，不再句句用韵，也不再连续使用顶针句法。
“河西幕中多故人，故人别来三五春。”两句重复“故人”二字，见出情谊深厚。因为“多故人”，与各人离别的时间自然不尽相同，所以说“三五春”，下语是经过斟酌的。
“花门楼前见秋草，岂能贫贱相看老。”“花门楼”在这里即指凉州馆舍的楼房。二句接“故人别来三五春”，说时光迅速，又到了秋天草黄的季节了。岁月催人，哪能互相看着在贫贱中老下去呢？言下之意是要赶快建立功业。
“一生大笑能几回，斗酒相逢须醉倒。”一个“笑”字，写出岑参和他朋友的本色。宴会中不时地爆发出大笑声，这样的欢会，这样的大笑，一生中也难得有几回，老朋友们端着酒杯相遇在一起，能不为之醉倒！
这首诗把边塞生活情调和强烈的时代气息结合了起来。全诗由月照凉州开始，在着重表现边城风光的同时，那种月亮照耀着七里十万家和城中荡漾的一片琵琶声，也鲜明地透露了当时凉州的阔大的格局、和平安定的气氛。如果拿它和宋代范仲淹的《渔家傲》相比，即可见同样是写边城，写秋天的季节，写少数民族的音乐，但那种“长烟落日孤城闭”、“羌管悠悠霜满地”的描写，所表现的时代气氛就完全不同了。
至于诗所写的夜宴，更是兴会淋漓，豪气纵横，不是盛唐的人不能如此。“花门楼前见秋草，岂能贫贱相看老。”不是有感于时光流逝，叹老嗟卑，而是有着能够掌握自己命运的豪迈感，表现出奋发的人生态度。“一生大笑能几回”的笑，更是爽朗健康的笑。它来源于对前途、对生活的信心。同样，末句“须醉倒”，也不是借酒浇愁，而是以酒助兴，是豪迈乐观的醉。读者从人物的神态中，能感受到盛唐的时代脉搏。
2012年2月6日 星期一
45 THINGS A GIRL WANT, BUT WON'T ASK FOR:
45 THINGS A GIRL WANT, BUT WON'T ASK FOR:
1. Touch her waist.
2. Actually talk to her.
3. Share secrets with her.
...4. Give her your jacket.
5. Kiss her slowly.
Are you remembering this?
6. Hug her.
7. Hold her.
8. Laugh with her.
9. Invite her somewhere.
10. Hangout with her and your friends together.
KEEP READING ..
11. Smile with her.
12. Take pictures with her.
13. Pull her onto your lap.
14. When she says she loves you more, deny it. Fight back.
15. When her friends say “I love her more than you”, deny it. Fight back and hug her tight so she can’t get to her friends. It makes her feel loved.
Are you thinking of someone?
16. Always hug her and say I love you whenever you see her.
17. Kiss her unexpectedly.
18. Hug her from behind around the waist.
19. Tell her she’s beautiful.
20. Tell her the way you feel about her.
One last thing you need to do to show her you actually do mean it.
21. Open doors for her, walk her to her car - it makes her feel protected, plus it never hurts to act like a gentleman.
22. Tell her she’s your everything - only if you mean it.
23. If it seems like there is something wrong, ask her - if she denies something being wrong, it means SHE DOESN’T WANT TO TALK ABOUT IT - so just hug her.
24. Make her feel loved.
25. Kiss her in front of OTHER girls you know!
WE MIGHT DENY IT BUT WE ACTUALLY LIKE AND KINDA WANT YOU TO TICKLE US ..
26. Don’t lie to her.
27. DON’T cheat on her.
28. Take her ANYWHERE she wants.
29. Text message or call her in the morning and tell her have a good day at school, and how much you miss her.
30. Be there for her whenever she needs you, and even when she doesn’t need you, just be there so she’ll know that she can always count on you.
ARE YOU STILL READING THIS? YOU BETTER, BECAUSE IT’S IMPORTANT.
31. Hold her close when she’s cold so she can hold you too.
32. When you are alone hold her close and kiss her.
33. Kiss her on the cheek; (it will give her the hint that you want to kiss her).
34. While in the movies, put your arm around her and then she will automatically put her head on your shoulder, then lean in and tilt her chin up and kiss her lightly.
35. Don’t ever tell her to leave even jokingly or act like you’re mad. If she’s upset, comfort her.
REMEMBER ALL THESE THINGS WHEN YOU ARE WITH HER NEXT ..
36. When people diss her, stand up for her.
37. Look deep into her eyes and tell her you love her.
38. Lay down under the stars and put her head on your chest so she can listen to the steady beat of your heart, link your fingers together while you whisper to her as she rests her eyes and listens to you.
39. When walking next to each other grab her hand.
40. When you hug her, hold her in your arms as long as possible.
MAKE SURE SHE KNOWS SHES LOVED.
41. Call or text her at night to wish her sweet dreams.
42. Comfort her when she cries and wipe away her tears.
43. Take her for long walks at night.
44. Always remind her how much you love her.
45. Sit on top of her and tell her how much you love her and then bend down to her face and kiss her while you’re sitting on her.
You’ll never know when she needs just a little more love .. ♥!
1. Touch her waist.
2. Actually talk to her.
3. Share secrets with her.
...4. Give her your jacket.
5. Kiss her slowly.
Are you remembering this?
6. Hug her.
7. Hold her.
8. Laugh with her.
9. Invite her somewhere.
10. Hangout with her and your friends together.
KEEP READING ..
11. Smile with her.
12. Take pictures with her.
13. Pull her onto your lap.
14. When she says she loves you more, deny it. Fight back.
15. When her friends say “I love her more than you”, deny it. Fight back and hug her tight so she can’t get to her friends. It makes her feel loved.
Are you thinking of someone?
16. Always hug her and say I love you whenever you see her.
17. Kiss her unexpectedly.
18. Hug her from behind around the waist.
19. Tell her she’s beautiful.
20. Tell her the way you feel about her.
One last thing you need to do to show her you actually do mean it.
21. Open doors for her, walk her to her car - it makes her feel protected, plus it never hurts to act like a gentleman.
22. Tell her she’s your everything - only if you mean it.
23. If it seems like there is something wrong, ask her - if she denies something being wrong, it means SHE DOESN’T WANT TO TALK ABOUT IT - so just hug her.
24. Make her feel loved.
25. Kiss her in front of OTHER girls you know!
WE MIGHT DENY IT BUT WE ACTUALLY LIKE AND KINDA WANT YOU TO TICKLE US ..
26. Don’t lie to her.
27. DON’T cheat on her.
28. Take her ANYWHERE she wants.
29. Text message or call her in the morning and tell her have a good day at school, and how much you miss her.
30. Be there for her whenever she needs you, and even when she doesn’t need you, just be there so she’ll know that she can always count on you.
ARE YOU STILL READING THIS? YOU BETTER, BECAUSE IT’S IMPORTANT.
31. Hold her close when she’s cold so she can hold you too.
32. When you are alone hold her close and kiss her.
33. Kiss her on the cheek; (it will give her the hint that you want to kiss her).
34. While in the movies, put your arm around her and then she will automatically put her head on your shoulder, then lean in and tilt her chin up and kiss her lightly.
35. Don’t ever tell her to leave even jokingly or act like you’re mad. If she’s upset, comfort her.
REMEMBER ALL THESE THINGS WHEN YOU ARE WITH HER NEXT ..
36. When people diss her, stand up for her.
37. Look deep into her eyes and tell her you love her.
38. Lay down under the stars and put her head on your chest so she can listen to the steady beat of your heart, link your fingers together while you whisper to her as she rests her eyes and listens to you.
39. When walking next to each other grab her hand.
40. When you hug her, hold her in your arms as long as possible.
MAKE SURE SHE KNOWS SHES LOVED.
41. Call or text her at night to wish her sweet dreams.
42. Comfort her when she cries and wipe away her tears.
43. Take her for long walks at night.
44. Always remind her how much you love her.
45. Sit on top of her and tell her how much you love her and then bend down to her face and kiss her while you’re sitting on her.
You’ll never know when she needs just a little more love .. ♥!
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