Magistrates & Juries

Who are magistrates?

- Lay people (who are not legally qualified), in the decision-making process in the Magistrates' Courts.

Qualification?

1. Live or work near local justice area

2. Need common sense, integrity 

3. Disqualified for serious criminal record, bankruptcy or work that is incompatible

Appointment?

- By Lord Chancellor on the recommendation of local advisory committees

*Intention of creating local advisory committees is to create a panel that is representative of all aspects of society. To achieve this magistrates are matched against a mix of occupational, industrial and social groupings as shown the last census.

Training?

Four basic competencies:

1. Personal Development Log of process

2. Mentors and mentored sessions

3. Attend about 7 training sessions

4. Appraisal

Composition of bench:

29000 lay magistrates, 50% men 50% women, over 7% from an ethnic minority, 5% disabled

Work:

1. Summary trials

2, Ancillary matters eh issuing warrants, bail applications

3, Youth court

4. Family court

Who are juries?

- Lay people, in the decision-making process in the Crown Court (Criminal trials on indictment), High Court, Queen's Bench Division (but only certain types of cases), Country Court (for certain types of cases) and Coroners' Courts.

9084 Law Paper 1 (M/J13 - M/J14)

May/June 2013

Paper 11
Q1 Human Rights
Q2 Doctrine of precedent
Q3 Tribunals
Q4 Criminal Process
Q5 Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)
Q6 Legal profession (Barrister & Solicitor)

Paper 12
Q1 ADR & Tribunals
Q2 Legislation
Q3 Criminal Courts
Q4 Law Reform
Q5 Judges & Magistrates
Q6 Juries

Paper 13
Q1 Magistrates
Q2 Judiciary
Q3 Sentencing
Q4 Statutory interpretation
Q5 Equity
Q6 Criminal process (Bail)

Oct/Nov 2013

Paper 11
Q1 Sentencing
Q2 ADR
Q3 Judiciary precedent
Q4 Criminal Process
Q5 Human Rights
Q6 Lay Magistrates & Juries

Paper 12
Q1 Civil court system
Q2 Statutory interpretation
Q3 Delegated legislation
Q4 Magistrates' Court
Q5 Equity
Q6 Sentencing

Paper 13
Q1 Sentencing
Q2 ADR
Q3 Judiciary precedent
Q4 Criminal Process
Q5 Human Rights
Q6 Lay Magistrates & Juries

May/June 2014

Paper 11
Q1 Equity
Q2 Judiciary
Q3 Criminal Court
Q4 Statutory interpretation
Q5 Tribunals
Q6 Lay Magistrates

Paper 12
Q1 ADR
Q2 Equity
Q3 Delegated legislation
Q4 Lay personnel (Juries & magistrates)
Q5 Criminal Court
Q6 Barrister & solicitor

Paper 13
Q1 Sentencing
Q2 Criminal process (bail)
Q3 Statutory interpretation
Q4 Barrister & Solicitor
Q5 Lay magistrates
Q6 judiciary precedent

Human Rights I

‘The Human Rights Act represents a turning point in the development of the rights of the individuals.’

Consider, with appropriate example, the validity of this statement.

The Human Rights Act 1998 incorporated the European Convention on Human Rights into English law. The effect of this is to strengthen the protection of individual rights by UK courts and provided improved remedies where these are violated. This is not new and it has been possible to rely on the Convention since the UK signed the convention back to the 1950s.  All public bodies, such as courts, police, local government, hospitals and publicly funded schools, and also other bodies, carrying out public functions have to comply with the Convention Rights. This means, among other things, those individuals can take human rights into domestic courts; they no longer have to go to Strasbourg to argue their cases in the European Court of Human Rights.

The Human Rights Acts is known as watershed in the development of the individuals’ rights as it sets out the fundamental rights and freedoms that individuals in the UK have to access to. For example,  The Right to Life (Article 2). This means that everyone’s right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which the penalty is provided by law. In Pretty v United Kingdom, A woman suffering from an incurable degenerative disease wanted to control when and how she died. In order to avoid an undignified death through respiratory failure, she wanted her husband to help her commit suicide and sought an assurance that he would not be prosecuted for his assistance. The European Court of Human Rights found that the right to life does not create an entitlement to choose death rather than life. So, there was no right to die at the hands of a third person or with the assistance of a public authority.

Then, In Article 9: Freedom of thought, conscience and religion, everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief, in worship, teaching practice and observance. In R (on the application of Begum) v Denbigh High School, A Muslim schoolgirl was prevented from attending school because she refused to wear the school’s shalwar kameeze uniform, preferring instead to wear a more modest jilbab. She argued that this breached her rights under Article 9 to manifest her religion. The House of Lords found that there was no breach of her right to manifest her religion because she could have attended other schools in her catchment area that permitted students to wear the jilbab. In these circumstances it was inappropriate for the courts to disturb the decision of the school which was better placed to assess this sensitive situation.

While the Human Rights Act represents an important advance for civil liberties in the UK, there are still significant limitations on the impact that the Act will have. In particular, legislation which is incompatible with the Convention is still valid; judges do not have the power to strike down offending statutes as unconstitutional. Thus, the principle of parliamentary sovereignty remains intact. If a higher court does find that legislation is incompatible with the Convention, then it can choose to make a declaration to this effect (Art.4) and a Minister can subsequently amend the offending legislation by a fast-track procedure which avoids the full parliamentary process. An early example of a declaration of incompatibility is provided by the case of Wilson v First Country Trust (2003) where the House of Lords declared that a provision of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 violated the Convention.

In conclusion, the Human Rights Act  is indeed a watershed for the development of the rights of the individuals but there are restrictions on the Human Rights Act in particular the convention has a limited impact as many of the articles are out of date. We have no human rights commission and so its impact is rather piecemeal. The Act did not come into force until Oct 2000 so its impact so far has been limited. Thus, the establishment of Commission for Equity and Human Rights has implemented various functions such as providing advice and guidance to people wishing to assert their rights and conducting inquires; which is to promote both human rights and equality of opportunity.

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

Describe the various methods of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Assess whether ADR provides a better way for individuals to resolve a civil dispute than using the court system. (9084/12/M/J/14 Q1)

When both parties are at a civil dispute, normally they will choose to resolve the civil dispute through a court hearing. The civil cases will begin in the Country Court or the High Court. Magistrate Court also has a limited civil jurisdiction. Some of the strengths of using a civil court system are as follows: Legal aid is available for the court proceedings; Adherence to the precedent; There are orderliness, finality and authority of the courts; the judges are better at dealing with the points of law; lastly, there are clear appeal routes. However, not all the cases are suitable to deal through the court system due to some problems: Court proceedings are costly, in terms of time and money. Legal representatives may lengthen the case and increase the costs. The court proceedings are too complex and formal which lead the parties difficult to understand. Moreover, the court proceedings will not lead to a win-win situation for the parties. There will be a winner and a loser. This promotes adversarial nature of the court cases as it is unlikely to make the involved parties to maintain or continue their relationships after the court proceedings have ended.  Thus, there is an alternative to resolve a civil case called Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR).

ADR is defined in the glossary to the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) as a “collection description of methods of resolving disputes otherwise than through the normal trial process”. Its aim is to avoid the cost, formality, time consuming, adversarial and intimidating nature of court cases. The main methods of ADR are arbitration, mediation, conciliation and negotiation.

Arbitration is a procedure whereby both sides to a dispute agree to let a third party, arbitrator, to decide. The arbitrator may be a lawyer, or may be an expert in the field of the dispute. He or she will make a decision according to the law and the decision is legally binding. Arbitration is commonly used in commercial contracts between businesses. Where there is an arbitration agreement in a contract, the Arbitration Act 1996 states that the courts will normally refuse to deal with any dispute.

Mediation involves the appointment of a mediator to help the parties to a dispute reach an agreement which mutually acceptable. Mediation can be ‘evaluative’, where the mediator gives an assessment of the legal strength of a case; or can be ‘facilitative’ where the mediator helps the parties to find a settlement that is in all the parties’ best interests. When mediation is successful and an agreement is reached, it is written down and forms a legally binding contract unless the parties state otherwise. Mediation has been applied to trust and probate cases to resolve the conflict within families, to divorce cases, commercial disputes and also arguments between neighbours.

Conciliation is similar to mediation but then conciliator takes a more interventionist role than the mediator in bringing both parties together and in suggesting possible solutions to help achieve an agreed settlement.

Negotiation can be a very quick, confidential and cost-effective way of settling a dispute, particularly for small-scale local matters as between neighbours or between consumers and shopkeepers.

ADR does provide a better way for individuals to resolve a civil dispute than using the court system. ADR promotes flexibility as the date, time and place of hearing are all matters for the parties to decide in consultation with the arbitrator, mediator or conciliator. Thus, parties can choose what is most convenient for all the people control. It is less formal and more flexible that the court proceedings as there are no strict procedures to be followed. It is as formal or as informal as the parties and the arbitrator, mediator and conciliator wish. It also maintains the relationship between the both parties. Conciliation and mediation help avoid the adversarial nature and the win-lose results of court proceedings. This enables parties to maintain their relationship in the future, once the dispute has been resolved.

However, ADR has its own weaknesses which are unlikely to resolve some civil dispute than using the court system. There is no doctrine of precedent, and each case is judged on its merits, providing no real guidelines for future cases. While arbitrators have a duty to apply the law contained in court judgments. The decisions of the arbitrators themselves do not act as precedents. Also, the rights of appeal are limited. In the arbitration process though awards may be enforced through the court, where the parties agree that they will consider the arbitrator’s decision to be binding.

In conclusion, ADR has its strengths in settling civil disputes than using the court system. However, 

it depends on the civil disputes whether which method is suitable and convenient to settle the disputes as the aim of machinery of justice is to promote the fairness and justice in resolving the problems.

MH17 Tradegy

Deepest condolences to

the families and the friends of

MH 17 crew and passengers 

Let's keep them in prayer ;(

*For more information please follow the latest news*

绿茶的味道

秋风飒飒，吹走了炎夏，代之而来的是秋天的凉爽。早晨，阳光透过窗子洒在地板上，带来阵阵暖意，朝霞也很滋润，镶嵌在苍老的枝叶上，澄碧的蓝天上飘着缓缓流云，凉爽的秋风之中，秋意显得更加优美、深沉。

同样的季节、同样的餐厅、同样的位置，我还记得那时是清晨8点钟。等待的那一刻，依然的，我点了一杯绿茶。绿茶，甘甜滋润，最重要的是自己喜欢上它。没别的原因，只因为我喜欢，不我爱。它的甜，不只是舌头感觉到，还有自己的心。每喝一口，心总是叠加另一口甘甜的滋润液。无论如何，它给我微笑，羞涩的微笑、幸福的微笑。

“礼豪，在喝你的绿茶吗？”无聊的对白又来了，偏偏只有伟翔说得出。“不是啦！我在喝牛奶……找我啥事呢？”

“没啥啦！一会儿是华语口试。看你一副自由自在的模样，肯定是信心十足吧！”我自认自己目前的状况是自由自在，但却是因为我的绿茶，而不是我已准备好口试了！唉，伟翔，你太高估我了……

“哦……”我随便回答他，只因为我要享受我的绿茶及这一刻。难得我等到了这一天，却要听他不停地自爽，只可惜我没有子鸿的牛脾气，不然我早已把他畔走了。算了吧！要学会她曾经送给我的一句话—— 保持微笑迎接每一天。

“哎呀！还有十分钟就要开始口试了。我看我得回课室好好镇压。拜……”“拜……”上帝真的听到我心里的话吗？那个烦人翔终于闪人了！再看我的手表，原来已8时20分了。我的天！那二十分钟我到底在干嘛？难道我真的这么投入吗？

     去年的今天，我记得我并不孤独。即使是功课及比赛缠身，我也一点也不寂寞、不感到压力，只因为有你的陪伴。我还记得每次的约会，我都点两杯绿茶，因为你我都喜爱。只不过……

     “绿茶不适合你，是吗？为什么每次点，你都不喝呢？”我很好奇，真的。

“我喝不下……”

“那你得早说啊！我可以点别的……”

“不！礼豪，我有事想说……”

“有时就开门见山吧！”

“其实，你应该接受事实。我和你是不可能的……”

“既然大家都还没开始，那么你也不能决定结局会是不可能吧！”

我那时的心情顿时变得复杂且矛盾。自从她上两个月遇到车祸，她的性格及情绪来个360度的转变。没错，我们俩是青梅竹马。自小学二年级就已经认识至今。就连她与我之间唯一一个我知道我们俩拥有的同一个爱好——喜爱绿茶。但，自从她上个月出院，每当跟她约会，即使点了吃的喝的，她却从未碰过。最终得我帮她清理手尾。

“你知道吗？我和你是两个世界的人。我们俩一个天，一个地，在一起是没结果的。你还是找一个真正属于你的人吧！”她哽咽地说，显得她是多么的不舍。难道是她有什么事吗？我不语。

“我不希望你因为我而伤心。记着我曾说过，我喜欢你微笑的样子；我就是喜欢你这样的脾气，有时善解人意，有时粗心大意。总之，请保持微笑迎接每一天！”

“那么，我要怎样见到你？”

“记着你微笑的那一刻，是你与我之间的约定，要迎接每一天，正常地过每一天…… ”

“不好意思，我得去洗手间一会儿……”我急忙离开，因为我当时无法压抑那时的情绪。这一切都太突然了。

在洗手间镇定自己的那一刻，其实，如果她真的得离开，那么为什么我不能学会放手呢？如果真的不是属于你的，就放手吧！或许别的地方、别的人还比我适合她。如果我还是那么执着，那么我岂不是很自私吗？

“请给我一分钟的时间冷静自己，让自己微笑，因为这是我与她自己的约定，我觉得这是她真正希望我是这样的……”我心语。

走出洗手间，回到自己的位置，但餐具全都收了，座位也没了人。她真的离开了，我连她要看到的约定也没做到。紫薇还是走了。我走出餐厅了……

“咦！又是这个男的！每次他独自来到这都会点两份餐。这小孩搞什么呢？”餐厅员工又在闲聊。

唉！干嘛我还回忆起往事。还有5分钟就开始口试了！我收拾我的资料，接着付钱迅速离开。

“绿茶的味道，就是我的味道。因为绿茶的甘甜，而让我们俩相遇；微笑的滋味，就是我的滋味。因为微笑的威力，而让我们留下约定。”我心语，且心中的滋味是多么的微妙。那是因为心里微笑的魅力！

对了，去年的前两个月，我在餐厅坐的位置的对面，一支灯塔下发生一起车祸。那时的车祸造成三死一伤。但伤者伤势严重，最终在一个月抢救过后因细菌感染而宣告不治。那位伤者的名字叫做余紫薇……

REVISI SPM MORAL

11.      Organisasi yang memainkan peranan menegakkan keadilan.

-          Mahkamah, Suruhanjaya Hak Asasi Manusia Malaysia (SUHAKAM)

22.      Jabatan yang bertanggungjawab menjaga alam sekitar.

-          Jabatan Alam Sekitar

33.      Pertubuhan sukarela yang terlibat dengan kempen penerangan dan pencegahan terhadap masalah dadah.

-          Persatuan Antidadah Malaysia (PEMADAM)

44.      Dasar membasmi kemiskinan dan menyusun semula masyarakat.

-          Dasar Ekonomi Baru (DEB) 1970-1990

55.      Akta yang mengangkat taraf pengguna di Malaysia.

-          Akta Perlindungan Pengguna 1999

66.      Undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan sebarang jenis pengangkutan air.

-          Undang-undang Laut Antarabangsa

77.      Pertubuhan yang berpegang teguh pada prinsip menyelesaikan pertelingkahan antarabangsa secara aman iaitu melalui rundingan dan bukan keganasan.

-          Negara-Negara Berkecuali (NAM)

88.      Sebuah institusi yang bertanggungjawab mencegah perbuatan rasuah.

-          Badan Pencegah Rasuah 1967

99.      Jabatan yang membantu wanita yang menjadi mangsa keganasan dan ditinggalkan suami serta mempertahankan hak wanita.

-          Jabatan Hal Ehwal Wanita (HAWA)

110. Akta yang perlu ditandatangani oleh setiap kakitangan kerajaan sebelum memulakan tugas rasmi yang diamanahkan sebagai rasmi.

-          Akta Rahsia Rasmi 1972

111. Badan bebas yang bertanggungjawab mengadili tuntutan pengguna atau menuntut ganti rugi dan pampasan.

-          Tribunal Tuntutan Pengguna

112. Undang-undang yang diluluskan oleh Parlimen Malaysia yang berperanan mengawal kesahihan maklumat yang sering terdedah kepada ancaman fitnah melalui internet.

-          Undang-undang siber

113. Akta menangani rasuah

-          Akta Pencegah Rasuah 1997

114. Dasar yang berfungsi menjamin kebajikan dan kepentingan wanita.

-          Dasar Wanita Negara 1989

115. Jabatan yang bertanggungjawab menjaga kepentingan nelayan yang sering dieksploitasi.

-          Jabatan Perikanan

116. Pertubuhan yang bermatlamat mengekalkan keamanan dan kemakmuran dunia, mengelakkan pertikaian dan peperangan, menghormati hak setiap Negara serta melindungi hak asasi manusia.

-          Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (1945)

117. Dasar & Akta yang berperanan memelihara khazanah hutan tempatan.

-          Dasar Hutan Kebangsaan 1978 / Akta Perhutanan Negara

118. Kementerian yang berperanan membangunkan sumber tenaga kerja yang berdaya saing.

-          Kementerian Sumber Manusia (KSM)

119. Akta yang berperanan memberi hukuman mati kepada pengedar dadah.

-          Akta Dadah Berbahaya 1952

220. Kempen yang berperanan menanam dan memupuk ciri-ciri kepemimpinan dalam kalangan kakitangan kerajaan.

-          Kempen Kepimpinan Melalui Teladan 1983

221. Dasar yang berperanan mewujudkan perpaduan dan kejiwaan kebangsaan dalam kalangan masyarakat Malaysia.

-          Dasar Kebudayaan Kebangsaan (DDK)

222. Kementerian yang berperanan memberi perlindungan kepada pengguna.

-          Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri dan Hal Ehwal Pengguna

223. 4 spesies haiwan yang semakin pupus di Malaysia

-          Tapir Malaysia

-          Orang utan

-          Gajah Asia

-          Badak air

224. Pertubuhan yang berperanan memupuk perpaduan dan kemajuan umat Islam dari segi politik, ekonomi dan social.

-          Pertubuhan Negara-Negara Islam (OIC) 1969

225. 5 bahan larangan yang tidak boleh dibawa masuk ke Negara

-          Bahan lucah

-          Senjata api

-          Binatang

-          Dadah

-          Bahan makanan

226. Akta yang berperanan memberi perlindungan & penjagaan kepada kanak-kanak yang berusia antara 10 dan di bawah 18 tahun.

-          Akta Juvana 1947

227. Pertubuhan – pemeliharaan hidupan liar

-          World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

228. Pertubuhan – melindungi hak pengguna

-          Majlis Hal Ehwal Pengguna Kebangsaan

229. Akta – mewajibkan individu yang mendapatkan pendapatan tertentu membayar cukai

-          Akta Cukai Pendapatan

330. Kementerian – memperkenalkan program 3R

-          Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan

331. Akta – menyelesaikan masalah antara majikan & pekerja

-          Akta Perusahaan 1967

332. Akta – melarang sesiapa daripada mempersoalkan perkara sensitive.

-          Akta Hasutan 1948 dan pindaan 1970

333. 3 Badan – mengekalkan tradisi kekeluargaan

-          Muzium Negara

-          Kementerian Kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Pelancongan

-          Arkib Negara

334. Jabatan – menguruskan kawasan hutan -> kawasan perlindungan

-          Jabatan PERHILITAN

335. Akta – melindungi hak kanak-kanak

-          Akta Perlindungan Kanak-Kanak 1991 pindaan 2001

336. Dasar (26 Julai 2002) – menjadi asas kepada segala kegiatan dan program kepenggunaan.

-          Dasar Pengguna Negara (DPN)

337. Akta di bawah JAS – menguatkuasakan penjagaan alam sekitar

-          Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 1974 / Akta Kualiti Alam Sekitar 1988

-          Akta Zon Ekonomi Eksklusif 1984

338. Kementerian Sumber Manusia merujuk kepada  _________  jika tidak dapat menyelesaikan kebajikan pekerja.

-          Mahkamah Perusahaan

339.  Akta – kepada sesiapa yang didapati mengancam keselamatan Negara & boleh ditahan tanpa perbicaraan.

-          Akta Keselamatan Dalam Negeri (ISA)

440. Jabatan – mengelakkan eksploitasi hutan berlebihan & memberi kesedaran tentang kepentingan menjaga sumber hutan

-          Jabatan Perhutanan

441. 5 Undang-undang Siber

-          Akta Tandatangan Digital 1997

-          Akta Jenayah Komputer 1997

-          Akta Teleperubatan 1997

-          Akta Komunikasi dan Multimedia 1998

-          Akta Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Multimedia 1998

442. Pertubuhan – mengharamkan ujian nuclear

-          Greenpeace

443. Pertubuhan – menjamin golongan pekerja daripada ditindas

-          Kesatuan Sekerja

444. Pertubuhan – pergerakan gabungan kepenggunaan di seluruh dunia.

-          Pertubuhan Pengguna Antarabangsa (CI)

445. Pertubuhan – memperjuangkan kepentingan bersama melalui pelbagai aktiviti bagi meningkatkan persefahaman tentang isu global & menjamin kerjasama antarabangsa

-          Komanwel 1926

446. Agensi kerajaan – menyediakan pelbagai program pembangunan wanita.

-          Kementerian Perpaduan Negara dan Pembangunan Masyarakat

447. Akta – menyediakan perundangan buruh yang penting

-          Akta Kerja 1955

448. 7 Akta – melindungi pengguna daripada penipuan & penyelewengan

-          Akta Kawalan Harga 1946

-          Akta Kawalan Bekalan 1961

-          Akta Tambang dan Sukat 1972

-          Akta Perihal Dagangan 1972

-          Akta Sewa Beli 1967

-          Akta Hakcipta 1987

-          Akta Jualan Langsung 1993

449. Akta – mencegah daripada penyeledupan berlaku.

-          Akta Pencegah Penyeledupan

550. 2 badan bukan kerajaan – mempertahankan hak pengguna di Malaysia.

-          Gabungan Persatuan Pengguna Malaysia (FOMCA)

-          Persatuan Pengguna Pulau Pinang

551. Pertubuhan – mengiktiraf hak manusia dan hak pekerja

-          Pertubuhan Buruh Antarabangsa

552. Pertubuhan – badan kehakiman PBB

-          Mahkamah Antarabangsa

553. Sumbangan:

(a) Husaini Omar & Ratnasamy Munianay: Mencipta H-O meter

(b) Abdul Malek Mydin : Merentasi selat Inggeris

(c) Toi See Zang: Bidang rekaan fesyen

(d) En Rahim Dahalan: Mendarat di kutub utara

(e) Magendran & Mohandass – Mendaki G.Everest /  Belayar mengelilingi dunia secara solo

5

554. Peraturan Akta Kerja 1955

-          Pembayaran gaji

-          Perlindungan bersalin

-          Hari rehat

-          Tempoh jam bekerja

-          Cuti Tahunan

-          Cuti sakit

-          Pemberhentian

-          Potongan daripada upah (KWSP)

###AKTA-AKTA DALAM BUKU TEKS PENDIDIKAN MORAL SPM### <~ Click & Take a look!

###SENARAI DEFINISI NILAI-NILAI MENGIKUT KBSM PENDIDIKAN MORAL### <~ Click & Take a Look!

SEMAKAN KERTAS 1 PENDIDIKAN MORAL SPM (BAHAGIAN A - STRUKTUR)

*Add extra 1 answer for every sub-question.

*Put the word "nilai" for answering the questions about stating the nilais.

*Be careful of the keywords like "jelaskan", "terangkan", "nyatakan" and "sebutkan". ["jelaskan" and "terangkan" need "penerangan" like "kata kunci" and "contoh" / "nyatakan" and "sebutkan" need your answer *directly* ]

*Take notes the marks of every sub-questions!!!

SEMAKAN KERTAS 1 PENDIDIKAN MORAL SPM (BAHAGIAN B - ESEI)

*Formula: [Nilai + Definisi + 2 contoh = 5 markah]

*Try your best to answer all 3 questions :)

*Give 3 nilai (minimum 2) in 1 paragraph.

Salam mengulang kaji! :)